Use of charged surfactants for reducing textile staining by antiperspirants

ABSTRACT

Disclosed is cosmetic or dermatological preparation which is present as an aerosol spray and comprises one or more antiperspirant substances and one or more cationic surfactants.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No.11/203,588, which is a National Stage of International ApplicationNumber PCT/EP2010/001132, filed on Feb. 24, 2010; the entire disclosuresof these applications are expressly incorporated by reference herein.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention comprises the use of charged surfactants in preparationswith an antiperspirant effect for reducing staining in or on clothingand improving the ability of stains to be washed out of clothing.

2. Discussion of Background Information

With the use of antiperspirants or deodorants, many consumers complainabout undesirable stains in the underarm area in clothing. These arefrequently yellowish stains which can also tend to become incrusted.These deposits and stains are produced above all due to a complexinteraction between product, skin fat, sweat and detergent and are oftendifficult to remove with conventional washing methods.

The stains can be pronounced to different extents, depending on theperson. One cause is the aluminum salts used in most deodorantantiperspirant products, which act as antiperspirant active substances.These stubborn stains often cannot be completely removed or can becompletely removed only with difficulty by washing, even withpretreatment with stain removers.

There are numerous literature and patents that deal with soiling on theskin and clothing and the avoidance thereof in the case of the use ofantiperspirants.

EP 1178775 describes the use of water-soluble surfactants to improve theability of washing out the residue from the skin and clothing.Combinations of astringent salts with water-soluble, nonionicsurfactants are described, which are to have a rapid start ofantiperspirant effect and a high effectiveness.

EP 973492 A1 describes the use of surface-active substances, chieflynonionic emulsifiers, in antiperspirants. The antiperspirant stickformulations comprise nonvolatile emollients, a vehicle, e.g.,cyclomethicone, a fatty alcohol, such as stearyl alcohol, anantiperspirant agent and a surfactant. The problem of the formation ofwhite residue on the skin and clothing, which can form with the use ofaluminum-containing antiperspirants, is described. The problem isaddressed herein of the whitening effect of the formulation by anadjustment of the refractive index of the constituents.

EP 858317 A1 describes preparations with surface active substances withan HLB>10 to remove the fatty residue on the skin.

EP 696188 A1 describes the use of a wash-off agent for removing thelipid components from the skin, preferably ethoxylates are used for thispurpose

DE 102008052748, an earlier application of the patentee, describes thatin anhydrous suspensions emulsifiers are used to improve the ability ofthe formulation to be washed off the skin. The structurantsadvantageously contained in the anhydrous formula can leave perceptiblywaxy residues on the skin. Through the presence of polar groups on theemulsifiers used, the affinity to water is increased when theformulation is washed off and the residue disappears. Preferablynonionic emulsifiers are suitable for this purpose.

It is desirable to provide cosmetic antiperspirants that have a reducedsoiling of clothing and above all that help to increase the ability tosubsequently wash out the soiling.

In addition, these cosmetic preparations must not have any instabilitiesand should be easy to formulate.

An important aspect in the formulation of cosmetic antiperspirants isthe good skin tolerance, so that in addition to the object of avoidingstaining or improved washability, the skin tolerance must also be takeninto consideration.

Furthermore, detergent surfactants are known, such as for examplecationic surfactants, in particular quaternary ammonium compounds. Adetergent surfactant is found in detergents, dishwashing detergents,shampoos, shower gels and designates the portion of the formulation thatinfluences the washing or cleaning performance. Detergent surfactantsincrease the “solubility” of fat and dirt particles in water, whichadhere to the laundry or the body. They can be of natural or syntheticorigin. They are distinguished according to the type of load intoanionic, cationic, amphoteric or nonionic.

DE 10322059 A1 describes hair-care products with styling properties,which comprise quaternary ammonium compounds as cationic surfactant.

DE 102007028508 describes detergent surfactant substances for improvedability to wash out the cosmetic agent from the skin. Quaternaryammonium compounds are thereby also considered to be an antimicrobialactive substance and conditioning agent or softener.

In DE 102005029386 active substance combinations of glycopyrroniumbromide and one or more hydrocolloids, which furthermore can containcationic surfactants, are described.

DE 10321138 discloses biphasic antiperspirant products, wherein the oilphase contains, inter alia, a nonionic, cationic, zwitterionic oramphoteric emulsifier.

In DE 10309180 quaternary ammonium compounds are used in skin and hairtreatments for personal hygiene as a cationic surfactant.

DE 102006037113 discloses cosmetic hair treatments with anti-dandruffagents, wherein, among other things, laureth-7 citrate as well asfurther cationic surfactants can be included. Antiperspirants are notdisclosed.

U.S. Pat. No. 4,477,431 discloses a flowable, anhydrous preparation with35-70% by weight powder, 1-20% by weight thickener, 19-45% by weight oiland 1-10% by weight surfactants, which can be nonionic and/or cationic.

EP 2082724 discloses an antimicrobial system with a cationic surfactant,which represents an ethyl ester of the lauramide of argininehydrochloride (LAE).

EP 1183003 discloses an antiperspirant preparation with fine particlesof aluminum, zirconium, or zinc salts, wherein the particles areimpregnated with or encased by a water-soluble nonionic, zwitterionic orcationic surfactant.

EP 676193 discloses a preparation with an active substance, a “boratecrosslinker”, a surfactant and water. The active substance can be, interalia, an aluminum salt, and the surfactant is preferably nonionic. Thesurfactants prevent the product from becoming hard and brittle.

EP 10163247 discloses the foam application of a deodorant orantiperspirant active substance from a foam dispenser (pump orpropellant gas) of a liquid, foaming surfactant solution which consistsof water, at least one foaming surfactant, oil, perfume, at least onenonionic solubilizer for the perfume and a deodorant or antiperspirantactive agent.

The hair conditioner sold under the trade name VARISOFT® PATC by Degussa(Evonik) lists as one of the outstanding properties the reduction of thewashing out of chemical hair dyes with the use of shampoos. That is, thedye is expected to remain longer in the hair when VARISOFT® PATC isused.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention comprises preparations with antiperspirant effectcomprising one or more charged surfactants.

Cosmetic as well as dermatological formulations are suitable aspreparations.

The preparations comprising one or more charged surfactants reduce oravoid soiling in or on clothing and improve the ability to wash outstains from clothing that are also caused by the preparation itself.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In the accompanying drawings, FIG. 1 is a graph illustrating thedifference in the b value (yellow) of the CIE L*a*b color space after 6wear and wash cycles on clothing worn by 7 individual test subjects thathad applied formulations containing antiperspirant substances with andwithout charged surfactant.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

Preferably, the weigh ratio of antiperspirant to surfactant is selectedin the range of 1:1 to 30:1, preferably 2:1 to 20:1, very particularlypreferably 3:1 to 8:1. If at least one cationic as well as at least oneanionic surfactant are contained as charged surfactants according to theinvention, the weigh ratio between cationic and anionic surfactants isadvantageously 10:1 to 1:3, preferably 6:1 to 1:2.

Thus in particular the use of one or more charged surfactants incosmetic or dermatological preparations comprising one or moresubstances with antiperspirant effect for reducing or avoiding stainingof clothing caused by the preparation and for improving the ability towash out these stains, is according to the invention. These areprimarily preparations comprising one or more antiperspirants, inparticular those based on aluminum.

The reduction or avoidance of soiling of textiles before and inparticular after washing means according to the invention the reduced bvalue, which is determined photometrically by means of the colorimetricmeasures in the CIE L*,a*,b color space and which is measured comparedto the b values of the textile stained with a preparation withantiperspirant agent but without surfactants according to the invention.

It has been shown by a panel test that the staining by the preparationaccording to the invention in or on clothing is basically reduced or theclothing is stained less in a yellowish manner. This is explained below.

In order to suppress the odor of sweat for a longer period, the use ofcosmetic preparations is indispensible. Conventional cosmetic deodorantsare based on different principles of action, which can also be combined:on the one hand deodorant active substances are used which suppress thegrowth of the bacteria causing the sweat odor. These germ inhibiting(bacteriostatic) agents include for example triclosane, chlorhexidine orthe naturally occurring compounds such as farnesol and phenoxyethanol.

On the other hand, antiperspirants are used, which prevent sweatsecretion by blocking the sweat gland outlets. In by far the mostantiperspirants, the formation of sweat can be reduced throughastringents—primarily aluminum salts such as aluminum hydroxychloride(aluminum chlorohydrate) or aluminum/zirconium salts.

The combination of astringents with antimicrobially active substances inone and the same composition is also customary. Furthermore, perfumesare used to cover the smell of sweat.

Known are further compounds having an antiperspirant effect, such as4-[(2-cyclopentyl-2-hydroxyphenylacetyl)oxy]-1,1-dimethylpiperidiniumbromide.

In addition to liquid deodorants such as spray and roll-on, solidpreparations, for example deodorant sticks (“sticks”), powders, powdersprays, personal hygiene cleansing compositions etc. are known andcustomary.

As antiperspirant active ingredient it is advantageously possible toincorporate activated acidic aluminum and/or aluminum/zirconium salts inaqueous solution. Here, the concentration ranges described refer to theso-called active contents of the antiperspirant complexes: in the caseof the aluminum compounds, to anhydrous complexes, in the case of thealuminum/zirconium compounds, to anhydrous and buffer-free complexesglycine is generally used as buffer here).

The following list of antiperspirant active ingredients which are to beused advantageously is in no way intended to be limiting:

-   aluminum salts (of the empirical formula [Al₂(OH)_(m)Cl_(n)],    wherein m+n=6):    -   aluminum chlorohydrate [Al₂(OH)₅Cl]*H₂O-   Standard Al complexes: Locron L, Locron LIC, Locron LIF (Clariant),    Chlorhydrol (Reheis), ACH-303 (Summit), Aloxicoll L (Giulini).-   Activated Al complexes: Reach 501 (Reheis), Aloxicoll 51 L    -   aluminum sesquichlorohydrate [Al₂(OH)_(4.5)Cl_(1.5)]*H₂O    -   Standard Al complexes: Aloxicoll 31L (Giulini), Westchlor 186        (Westwood Chemicals)    -   Activated Al complexes: Reach 301 (Reheis)    -   aluminum dichlorohydrate [Al₂(OH)₄Cl₂]*H₂O

Aluminum zirconium salts:

-   -   Aluminum/zirconium trichlorhydrex glycine        (Al₄Zr(OH)₁₃Cl₃]xH₂OxGly    -   Standard Al/Zr complexes: Rezal 33GC (Reheis), AZG-7164 (Summit)    -   Aluminum/zirconium tetrachlorhydrex glycine (GLY)        [Al₄Zr(OH)₁₂Cl₄]xH₂OxGly    -   Standard Al/Zr complexes: Rezal 36, Rezal 36G, Rezal 36 GC        (Reheis), AZG-368 (Summit), Zirkonal L435G (Giulini), Westchlor        ZR 35 BX5, Westchlor ZR 41 (Westwood Chemicals)    -   Aluminum/zirconium pentachlorhydrex glycine        [Al₈Zr(OH)₂₃Cl₅]xH₂OxGly    -   Standard Al/Zr complexes: Rezal 67 (Reheis), Zirkonal L540,        Zirkonal L530 PG (Giulini), Westchlor ZR 80B (Westwood        Chemicals)    -   Aluminum/zirconium octachlorhydrex glycine        [Al₈Zr(OH)₂₀Cl₈]xH₂OxGly: Westchlor ZR 82B    -   Reach AZP—908 SUF activated aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex        Gl    -   Reach AZZ—902 SUF activated aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrex        Glyc

However, buffer-free aluminum/zirconium salts can also be likewise usedadvantageously.

The antiperspirant active substances from the group described above ofthe astringent antiperspirant agents, the classic antiperspirant agents,are used in the formulations according to the invention in a quantity of0.05 to 40% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20% by weight, based on thetotal mass of the preparation, i.e., including any propellant gasespresent.

As previously stated, a disadvantage of the use of antiperspirants, inparticular aluminum salts, is the formation of residue in or onclothing, which can stain clothing in an unattractive manner

Textile staining means stains, in particular in the underarm region.These are stains that remain in clothing after wearing and/or washingand can become more intensive with increasing age of the article ofclothing. These stains are not to be understood to mean the residue onthe skin or clothing referred to as “whitening.”

Instead, according to the invention this relates to mostly yellowishstains, which are produced when the cosmetic product or constituentsthereof reach the textiles during sweating together with the armpitsecretions. Part of these deposits are washed out during washing,another part remains on the textile as residue.

According to the invention, the preparation cannot reduce or prevent theformation of any stains which can form on an article of clothing formany reasons. However, the preparation according to the invention canreduce or prevent the formation of those stains that are produced by thepreparation itself, in particular those due to antiperspirantsubstances, and can improve the ability for them to be washed out.

As a gauge of the improvement or reduction thereby the difference fromthe staining or the washing out thereof in the use of the preparationaccording to the invention and the preparation without chargedsurfactants is defined.

However, in principle independent observers (panel) also judge that thestains of the preparations according to the invention do not occur onthe clothing at all or at least appear to be less yellowish. Thisconstitutes a basic reduction of staining

Stains that are produced as white stains in the case of direct contactof a deodorant or antiperspirant with the fabric are not meant accordingto the invention. These are rather whitish deposits of the formulaconstituents, e.g., aluminum salts. These stains can be easily avoidedif the product is given a chance to dry before the clothing is put on.This white residue can generally be removed mechanically (brushing) orby washing. The problem of “whitening” is discussed in detail in theprior art and approaches to a solution are provided there.

According to the invention it is in particular a matter of the knownyellowish stains from antiperspirants in or on clothing, after thearticle of clothing has been washed. According to the invention thesolution concept of the improved ability to be washed out also startshere. The yellow value of the stain is therefore defined in particularby the b value, which can be determined photometrically by means of thecolorimetric measures in the CIE L*a*b color space. Preferably, the useof the stain avoidance or improved washability relates to textiles thatcontain cotton or consist of cotton.

According to the invention, one or more charged surfactants are added tothe cosmetic preparations for this purpose.

Surfactants are substances that lower the surface tension of a liquid orthe interfacial tension between two phases and render possible orsupport the formation of dispersions. Surfactants make it possible thattwo liquids that actually cannot be mixed with one another, such as oiland water, can be dispersed.

Furthermore, surfactants are described as amphiphilic substances whichcan dissolve organic, nonpolar substances in water. Due to theirspecific molecular structure with at least one hydrophilic and onehydrophobic part of the molecule they ensure a lowering of the surfacetension of water, wetting of the skin, the facilitation of dirt removaland dissolution, easy rinsing and, as desired, foam regulation.

The hydrophilic portions of a surfactant molecule are usually polarfunctional groups, for example —COO⁻, —OSO₃ ²⁻, —SO₃ ⁻, while thehydrophobic parts as a rule are nonpolar hydrocarbon residues.Surfactants are generally classified according to the type and charge ofthe hydrophilic part of the molecule. A distinction can be made hereamong four groups:

-   -   Anionic surfactants    -   Cationic surfactants    -   Amphoteric surfactants and    -   Nonionic surfactants.

Anionic surfactants have as functional groups generally carboxylate,sulfate or sulfonate groups. In aqueous solution they form negativelycharged organic ions in acidic or neutral media. Cationic surfactantsare characterized almost exclusively by the presence of a quaternaryammonium group. In aqueous solution they form positively charged ions inacidic or neutral media. Amphoteric surfactants contain anionic as wellas cationic groups and accordingly behave in aqueous solution dependingon the pH value like anionic or cationic surfactants. In strongly acidicmedia they have a positive charge and in alkaline media a negativecharge.

Polyether chains are typical of nonionic surfactants. Nonionicemulsifiers are understood to be surface-active substances which do notform ions in aqueous solution. The hydrophilicity of such nonionicemulsifiers is achieved through the proportion of the polar groups inthe molecule. The nonionic emulsifiers include fatty alcohols (e.g.,cetyl alcohol or stearyl alcohol), partial fatty acid esters ofpolyhydric alcohols with saturated fatty acids (e.g., glycerolmonostearate), partial fatty acid esters of polyhydric alcohols withunsaturated fatty acids (e.g., glycerol monooleate, pentaerythritolmonooleate), furthermore polyoxyethylene esters of fatty acids (e.g.,polyoxyethylene stearate), polymerization products of ethylene oxide andpropylene oxide on fatty alcohols (fatty alcohol polyglycol ethers) orfatty acids (fatty acid ethoxylates).

Nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers according to the invention are notincluded among charged surfactants.

According to the invention surfactants that act as emulsifier in theformula are not to be understood as charged surfactants either.

Surfactants as emulsifiers make it possible for two liquids that cannotbe mixed with one another (for example, oil in water) to mix to form anemulsion. Due to the amphiphilic nature, they penetrate into the oilwith their fat-soluble part. Through the hydrophilic part, the oildroplet now formed can be dispersed into the aqueous surroundings.Emulsifiers do not primarily have a detergent surfactant nature.

According to the invention, the nonionic surfactants or emulsifiers arethus not to be included by the term of charged surfactants.

It has now surprisingly been found that charged surfactants, i.e.,anionic, cationic or amphoteric surfactants, preferably cationic and/oranionic surfactants, preferably quaternary ammonium compounds, so-calledquats, in cosmetic preparations lead to a significant reduction instains, which otherwise would usually be produced in the clothing by thecosmetic product.

Palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, trade name Varisoft®PATC, is usedas a preferred quaternary ammonium compound.

Varisoft®PATC is composed of 60% palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride in40% propylene glycol as solvent. Alternatively, a mixture ofpalmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride and a fatty alcohol (cetearylalcohol) can be used, trade name Tego Care CE 40.

In addition to quaternary ammonium compounds, the quats, furtherpreferably anionic surfactants, preferably based on carboxylic acids andderivatives thereof, such as carboxylic acid esters, are also used ascharged surfactant according to the invention, in particular ethoxylatedcarboxylic acid esters, very particularly here laureth-7 citrate.

Quaternary ammonium compound is the name for organic ammonium compoundswith quaternary nitrogen atoms. They are produced by the conversion oftertiary amines with alkylation agents, such as, e.g., methyl chloride,benzyl chloride, dimethyl sulfate, dodecyl bromide, as well as ethyleneoxide. Depending on the tertiary amine used, a distinction is made intothree groups:

Where: R¹═CH₃, R²═C₈₋₁₈, X=halogen

-   -   a) Linear alkyl ammonium compounds, b) imidazolinium        compounds, c) pyridinium compounds    -   Formulations according to the invention advantageously contain        at least one compound having the formula (I)

-   -   R1 represents a saturated or unsaturated linear branched or        cyclic alkyl or aryl group having 8 to 24 C atoms,    -   R2 represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, or        cyclic substituted or non-substituted alkylene group having 1 to        10 C atoms and 0 to 5 hydroxy groups    -   R3, R4, R5 independently of one another represent hydrogen, a        C1-C4 alkyl group, a C5 or C6 cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or        a C2-C4 hydroxyalkyl group, and X represents a monovalent anion.    -   Those compounds according to formula (I) are preferred according        to the invention in which the radical R1 represents a saturated,        linear C10-C18 alkyl group.    -   Those compounds according to formula (I) are also preferred        according to the invention in which the radical R2 represents        the group —CH2CH2CH2-.    -   Furthermore, those compounds according to formula (I) are also        preferred in which the radicals R3, R4 and R5 each represent        alkyl groups, for example, methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl and        butyl groups. In particular methyl groups are preferred.    -   Those compounds according to formula (I) are preferred in which        the monovalent anion X represents halide, for example chloride        or bromide or one of the two groups CH3-O—SO3 (methosulfate) or        CH3CH2-O—SO3 (ethosulfate).    -   Linear alkyl ammonium compounds are preferred according to the        invention. Preferred quaternary ammonium compounds are ammonium        halides, in particular chlorides and bromides.    -   The quaternary ammonium compounds according to the invention do        not include polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds, since they        can lead to an intensification of the stains.    -   Furthermore, the polymers cannot be referred to as charged        surfactants.    -   In particular preferred compounds according to formula (I) for        the purposes of the invention are palmitamidopropyltrimonium        chloride, as is commercially available for example under the        trade name Varisoft® PATC from Evonik, behenamidopropyl        ethyldimonium ethosulfate, such as is commercially available for        example under the trade name Mackernium BAPDES from McIntyre,        stearamidopropyl trimonium methosulfate, as is commercially        available for example under the trade name Catigene SA-70 from        Stepan Company and/or undecylamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate,        such as is available for example under the trade name Rewocid        UTM 185 from Evonik.    -   Laureth-7 citrate is a preferred anionic surfactant. Laureth-7        citrate can be obtained as PLANTAPON LC 7 (Cognis). It is an        anionic surfactant, an ester of laureth-7 and citric acid.    -   The charged surfactants, in particular quaternary ammonium        compounds are advantageously used in a proportion of 0.1 to 5%        by weight, preferably 0.5 to 3% by weight of active content,        i.e., without solvent such as propylene glycol, based on the        total mass of the preparation.    -   It has surprisingly proven that in particular a certain weight        ratio of antiperspirant agent, in particular aluminum salts, to        charged surfactant contributes to a significant reduction in        stains or to their ability to be washed out.    -   The ratio of antiperspirant agent to surfactant is        advantageously 1:1 to 30:1, preferably 2:1 to 20:1, very        particular preferably 3:1 to 8:1.    -   With the product form of an aerosol spray the ratios relate to        the active substance solution (without propellant gas).    -   If cationic as well as anionic surfactants are contained as        charged surfactants according to the invention, the weight ratio        between cationic and anionic surfactants is advantageously 10:1        to 1:3, preferably 6:1 to 1:2.    -   Preferably, the weight proportions of antiperspirant active        substances, in particular aluminum chlorohydrate, are to be        selected in the range of 1 to 25%, in particular 5 and 20% by        weight.    -   Advantageously, cationic surfactants and anionic surfactants are        then selected particularly in the ratio of 1:1.    -   It is interesting that through the addition of charged        surfactants, in particular quaternary ammonium compounds, in        particular of palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, to        preparations comprising antiperspirants, in particular aluminum        compounds staining of textiles is significantly reduced.    -   In particular quats with at least one long alkyl group have a        function as detergent substance and are used, e.g., as cationic        surfactants in products such as softeners. They can also have a        disinfectant effect. Furthermore, quats are used in hair        conditioners. They improve the physical properties such as        combability, shine and antistatic behavior of the hair. As        stated in the prior art on Varisoft® PATC, these substances        allegedly prolong the retention of substances, such as dye in        the hair.    -   According to the invention it has now surprisingly proven that        the charged surfactants, such as quaternary ammonium compound,        chiefly palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, improve the ability        to wash out stains, which goes against the actual property of        the quats according to the product information.    -   The use of the charged surfactants, in particular quaternary        ammonium compounds, in cosmetic preparations to avoid or reduce        the formation of stains caused by the cosmetic preparation in or        on textiles as well as the improved ability to wash out these        stains, in particular in cotton textiles, is thus predestined.    -   It is also surprising according to the invention that the use of        quaternary ammonium compounds despite their electrolyte        properties does not cause any stability problems and thus        conventional formula systems can be used for the cosmetic        preparations and antiperspirants.    -   The solubility thereof in the formula constituents present is to        be taken into account in the incorporation of the charged        surfactants.    -   Advantageously therefore a cosmetically acceptable solvent        should be present, e.g., water, oils and alcohols. Guerbet        alcohols, in particular octyldodecanol, are particularly        preferred.    -   Thus an incorporation of, for example, Varisoft® PATC in W/O        emulsions and anhydrous aerosols is easily possible if it is        dissolved in octyldodecanol first.    -   A further essential aspect of the preparations according to the        invention is their furthermore ensured skin tolerance, of which        no loss need be feared due to the addition of charged        surfactants, in particular the quaternary ammonium compounds.    -   In addition to the avoidance or reduction of staining in or on        clothing, it was surprisingly also achieved that the stains that        formed in clothing after washing, due the addition of charged        surfactants in the preparation, seemed much lighter than without        the addition of charged surfactants. As proof of the improved        ability to be washed out and reduced staining, the following        comparison tests were carried out in the form of test subject        tests (panel).    -   Sequence of the tests:        -   Each test subject receives two identical products, which            differ only in the addition of the charged surfactant (in            this case: palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride). One product            is used under the left armpit, the other product under the            right armpit.        -   The products are used during the entire test period.        -   Each test subject receives a white cotton T-shirt.        -   The T-shirt is worn for one day and subsequently washed and            dried: washing conditions: 60° C. household washing machine,            powder detergent        -   The washed T-shirts are tested photometrically for staining            in the armpit region (determination of colorimetric measures            in the CIE L*a*b color space)        -   The color values result form the difference in the values in            the armpit region and the values of a reference area            (unstained area e.g., shoulder or back)        -   In all at least 1 wear and wash cycle is carried out,            preferably at least 3-6 wear and wash cycles are carried out            Evaluation of the Color Values    -   dL value: white to gray; a negative value means a graying of the        T-shirt    -   da value: red to green; a negative value means an        intensification in the green range    -   db value: yellow to blue; a positive value means an        intensification in the yellow range        Composition of the Test Products

Product with Product Palmitamidopropyl- without trimonium chlorideAluminum chlorohydrate 10.0 10.0 Isoceteth-20 4.8 4.8 Dicaprylylether3.0 3.0 Glyceryl isostearate 2.4 2.4 PEG-150 Distearate 0.7 0.7 Butyleneglycol 3.0 3.0 Varisoft ® PATC 3.0 Perfume 1.0 1.0 Water 75.1 72.1 Colorvalues after 6 cycles dL −2.4 −1.3 da −0.6 −0.2 db 3.6 2.1

The comparison preparation without charged surfactant leads to a lowerability to be washed out, i.e., the stains compared to the productaccording to the invention were grayer (difference L value −1.1),greener (difference a value −0.4) and above all yellower (difference bvalue 1.5).

The color values were collected from all of the tests with all (7) testsubjects and averaged.

Furthermore, the stains were visually evaluated. On a scale from 0 to 5the test subjects evaluated the staining, how markedly the staindeveloped in the armpit region. A value of 0 means no stain, a value of5 means a marked stain. The average stain intensity for a productwithout charged surfactant was evaluated at 3.7 and that with chargedsurfactant at 2.7.

FIG. 1 shows with the example of the b value (yellow) the difference forthe formulations with and without charged surfactant for 7 individualtest subjects after 6 wear and wash cycles. For all of the testsubjects, the product according to the invention leads to lessyellowing.

As proof of the improved ability to be washed out and reduced stainingof the preparations according to the invention, further in vitro and invivo tests were carried out.

In vitro Method for Determining Stain Intensity

Materials:

-   Textile: white, 100% cotton (jersey quality)    Test Substances/Media    -   a.) Sebum: sebum according to BEY    -   b.) Sweat: human sweat (artificial underarm sweat)    -   c.) Comparison products

The application of sweat is optional.

-   Water quality: Tap water (preferably average hardness to hard)-   Detergent: commercially available detergent, e.g., Spee Megaperls-   Washing machine: Linitest+ from ATLAS

The sebum causes the stain to have a comparable yellow portion. Withoutsebum, the stains tend to be gray. A method of this type is alreadydescribed in the literature: The Trouble with Stains, SPC July page25-28; materials like sebum from BEY are available for example asstandard test dirt from WfK-Testgewebe GmbH.

Application quantities:

-   -   a.) Preparation: 1 g on an area of 15 cm×2.5 cm of the textile,        corresponds to 27 mg/cm²    -   b.) Human sweat: 0.5 g on an area of 15 cm×2.5 cm corresponds to        13 mg/cm²    -   c.) Sebum: 0.25 g on an area of 15 cm×2.5 cm corresponds to 7        mg/cm².

In further comparison tests, the application quantities can be selectedin the following ranges in order to ensure a higher relation topractice, which, however, does not result in any significant changes inthe results shown.

-   Product: Possible range: 10 mg/cm² to 50 mg/cm², preferably 13    mg/cm² to 40 mg/cm².-   Sebum: Possible range: 2 mg/cm² to 15 mg/cm², preferably 5 mg/cm² to    10 mg/cm².-   Human sweat: Possible range: 5 mg/cm² to 40 mg/cm², preferably 7    mg/cm² to 30 mg/cm².-   Ratio product to sebum 1:1 to 7:1, preferably 2:1 to 5:1.-   Ratio product to human sweat 1:3 to 7:1, preferably 1:1 to 4:1    Color Measurement:-   Photometrically, determination of the colorimetric measures in the    CIE L*a*b* color space-   Difference Calculation Compared to an Unstained Reference Material-   Average from at least 5 measurements per area-   For evaluation the b value (yellow value) is preferably used    Sequence:    -   1. Prewash and dry the textile sections    -   2. Mark the areas    -   3. Preferred application of the media in the following order:        a.) preparation, b.) if applicable, sweat, c.) sebum, after each        material wait at least 10 min until it has been absorbed.        -   Alternatively, the substances can be mixed partially or            completely with one another in advance and then applied in            this mixture.    -   4. Store the samples at 38° C. and 80% relative humidity        preferably for at least 12 hours    -   5. Wash the textile samples individually in the Linitest (e.g.,        1 g powder detergent for 300 ml tap water, washing temperature        60° C.) and rinse in cold tap water    -   6. Dry at room temperature    -   7. Color measurement on the stained areas and an unstained        reference area    -   8. Repeat the sequence from point 2 to 7 at least once,        preferably 4 times

The method for testing the stains caused in part by cosmetic ordermatological preparations containing antiperspirant substances on orin clothing is accordingly also according to the invention. Thereby

-   -   a.) Preparation, in a quantity of 10 mg/cm² to 50 mg/cm²,    -   b.) If applicable, human sweat, in a quantity of 5 mg/cm² to 40        mg/cm² and    -   c.) Sebum, in a quantity of 2 mg/cm² to 15 mg/cm²        are successively applied to the same location on the clothing.        Subsequently    -   If applicable, the clothing is stored at 38° C. and 80% relative        humidity preferably for at least 12 hours,    -   The clothing is washed separately    -   Optionally, rinsed with cold tap water    -   Dried at room temperature and        the stained areas are measured photometrically against unstained        reference areas of the same clothing by means of colorimetric        measures in the CIE L*a*b color space        In vivo Method for Determining the Stain Intensity (as Described        Above)        Materials:

-   Textile: White, 100% cotton, T-shirt

-   Detergent: commercially available detergent, Persil

-   Washing machine: commercially available model

-   Water quality: water of average hardness to hard    Color Measurement:

-   Photometrically, determination of the colorimetric measures in the    CIE L*a*b color space.

-   Calculate difference compared to an unstained reference material,    e.g., in the shoulder region of the T-shirt

-   Average of at least 5 measurements per area

-   For evaluation, the b value (yellow value) is preferably used    Sequence:    -   1. Prewash the T-shirt    -   2. Distribute the product/the products (each product in        succession or preferably a direct comparison of two products        right armpit vs. left armpit are possible)    -   3. Product application at least 3 days for preconditioning    -   4. Wear the T-shirt after product application in the morning for        at least 8 hours    -   5. Wash the T-shirt preferably at 60° C. (depending on the        textile material)    -   6. Dry in a commercially available drier    -   7. Color measurement on the stained areas in the underarm area        and an unstained reference area    -   8. Repetition of the sequence from point 4 through 7 at least 3        times        Results of the In Vitro Tests (after 4 Cycles)

Products as roller/% by weight Comparison 1 P2 P3 Aluminum chlorohydrate10.0 10.0 10.0 Isoceteth-20 4.8 4.8 4.8 Dicaprylyl ether 3.0 3.0 3.0Glyceryl isostearate 2.4 2.4 2.4 PEG-150 distearate 0.7 0.7 0.7 Butyleneglycol 3.0 3.0 3.0 Varisoft ® PATC 3.0 3.0 Plantapon LC7 1.0 Water 76.173.1 72.1 b value 8.1 5.1 3.6 Varisoft ® PATC: 60%palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride + 40% propylene glycol

Products as roller/% by weight Comparison 2 P4 P5 Aluminum chlorohydrate10.0  10.0  10.0  Isoceteth-20 4.8 4.8 4.8 Paraffinium liquidum 3.0 3.03.0 Glyceryl isostearate 2.4 2.4 2.4 Butylene glycol 3.0 3.0 3.0 PEG-150distearate 0.7 0.7 0.7 Varisoft ® PATC — 1.0 2.0 Plantapon LC7 — 1.0 1.0Perfume 1.0 1.0 1.0 Water ad 100 ad 100 ad 100 b value 3.9 2.4 1.9

Products as sticks/% by weight Comparison 3 P6 Aluminum zirconium 16.016.0 tetrachlorohydrex GLY Glyceryl stearate 0.6 0.6 Stearyl alcohol20.0 20.0 Hydrogenated castor oil 1.5 1.5 PPG-14 Butylether 15.0 15.0Cyclomethicone 41.9 38.9 Talc 4.0 4.0 Varisoft ® PATC — 3.0 Perfume 1.01.0 b value 7.2 4.9

Products as sticks/% by weight Comp. 4 P7 P8 P9 Aluminum zirconium 16 1616 16 tetrachlorohydrex GLY Glyceryl stearate 2 2 2 2 Stearyl alcohol 2020 20 20 Hydrogenated castor oil 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 Caprylic/caprictriglycerides 10 10 10 10 Paraffinum liquidum 12 12 12 12 PPG-14 butylether 20 19 18 18 Cyclomethicone 13.5 13.5 13.5 13.5 Talc 4 4 4 4Varisoft ® PATC — 1 1 1.5 Plantapon LC 7 — 1 0.5 Perfume 1 1 1 1 b value5.6 4.3 3.4 3.6

Products as aerosols/% by weight Comp. 5 P10 Aluminum chlorohydrate 2020 Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 dimethicone 1.5 3.0 Polyglyceryl-2dipolyhydroxystearate 1.5 — Cyclomethicone 11.75 11.75 C12-15 Alkylbenzoate 8 8 Dicaprylyl ether 6 6 Octyldodecanol 8 8 Perfume 3.5 3.5Varisoft ® PATC — 3.0 Water ad 100 ad 100 b value 7.2 4.1 Aerosol % byweight based on emulsion, filling 30% by weight emulsion:70% by weightpropellant gas (mixture of propane, isobutane, butane)Results of the In vivo Tests:10 cycles, 26 test subjects:

Comp. 6 P11 Aluminum chlorohydrate 10.0 10.0 Isoceteth-20 4.8 4.8Dicaprylylether 3.0 3.0 Glyceryl isostearate 2.4 2.4 PEG-150 distearate0.7 0.7 Butylene glycol 3.0 3.0 Varisoft ® PATC 3.0 Plantapon LC 7 1.0Perfume 1.1 1.1 Water 75.0 71.0 b value 0.55 0.38

The comparison tests show that the preparations according to theinvention P1-P11, comprising at least one charged surfactant, have abetter ability to be washed out and reduced staining compared topreparations without these charged surfactants (Comp. 1 to Comp 6).

The comparison tests and the following examples impressively illustratethat the preparations according to the invention, in which the additionof charged surfactants leads to a reduction in staining in or on theclothing and in addition contributes to an improved ability of thestains to be washed out of the clothing.

Accordingly, the method for reducing or avoiding stains in or onclothing caused by the preparation is according to the invention,wherein the method comprises the steps:

-   -   topical application of a cosmetic or dermatological preparation        comprising        -   one or more substances with antiperspirant effect and one or            more charged surfactants    -   Wearing clothing over the topically applied skin areas and        subsequently    -   Washing the clothing.

The compositions according to the invention can furthermore optionallycontain additives customary in cosmetics, for example, perfume,thickeners, deodorants, antimicrobial substances, regreasing agents,complexing and masking agents, pearlescent agents, plant extracts,vitamins, active ingredients, preservatives, bactericides, dyes,pigments that have a coloring effect, thickeners, moisturizing and/orhumectant substances, fats, oils, waxes or other usual constituents of acosmetic or dermatological formulation, such as alcohols, polyols,polymers, foam stabilizers, electrolytes, organic solvents or siliconederivatives, unless they are counter to the composition according to theinvention and the use thereof.

Moisturizers can also advantageously be used as anti-wrinkle substancesfor protection against aging of the skin, such as occur, e.g., in skinaging.

According to the invention, the formulations are advantageouslymacroscopically monophasic, based on the liquid portions of theformulation. That means: with the naked eye the liquids contained in theformula and optionally mixed with one another are discernible only asone phase at room temperature. Microscopically, that is, in the internalstructure, however, more than one phase can be present, e.g., as in thecase of an emulsion. Independent therefrom, preparations according tothe invention can comprise solid substances, which optionally form avisible phase boundary to the monophasic liquid. This liquid/solid phaseboundary counts as part of the monophasic nature according to theinvention, since the monophasic nature relates to the liquid/liquidconstituents. The macroscopically monophasic systems can thus containparticles (suspension).

In the form of an aerosol preparation, propellant gases possiblycontained are not to be considered among the liquids, which canoptionally form a phase boundary.

This monophasic nature is an essential distinguishing feature comparedto the preparations of the prior art, such as are described, forexample, in DE 10321138.

The feature “biphasic” therein means that the formulation has an aqueousphase and an oil phase, which at rest are present as two liquid layersseparated by a phase boundary, but before use by shaking the containerbriefly can be mixed to form an oil-in-water emulsion or a water-in-oilemulsion. However, this mixing of the two phases is cancelled againquickly and as completely as possible as soon as the preparation is inthe rest state. The time until complete demixing thereby lasts from afew seconds to 24 hours. The preparations according to the invention dueto the monophasic quality have a more homogeneous distribution of theconstituents containing them. This homogenous distribution is alsodecisive for example for the charged surfactants in the preparation forthe stain reduction on or in the clothing thereof according to theinvention.

A further essential distinguishing criterion with respect to DE 10321138is that no nonionic surfactants and above all no emulsifiers are to beselected as charged surfactants according to the invention.

Preferred application forms of the preparation according to theinvention are roll-on, stick form or the aerosol form. As propellantaccording to the invention preferably propane, propene, n-butane,iso-butane, iso-butene, n-pentane, pentene, iso-pentane, iso-pentene,methane, ethane, dimethyl ether, nitrogen, air, oxygen, nitrogen oxide,laughing gas, 1,1,1,3 tetrafluoroethane, heptafluoro-n-propane,perfluoroethane, monochlordifluoromethane, 1,1 difluoroethane and carbondioxide are used individually or in combination. Propane, butane,iso-butane or mixtures of these propellant gases are particularlypreferred.

The cited gases can be used for the purposes of the present invention ineach case individually or in any mixtures with one another.

The numerical values are % by weight, based on the total mass of thepreparation.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 Example 2 Example 3 Atomizer Roller Roller Aluminumchlorohydrate 10.00 10.00  7.50 Isoceteth-20 4.80 4.80 — Dicaprylylether 3.00 3.00 Glyceryl isostearate 2.40 2.40 PEG-150 Distearate 0.70Butylene glycol 3.00 PPG-14 butylether 3.50 Diethylhexyl carbonate 3.50Polyglyceryl-3 caprylate 0.50 Polyglyceryl-4 laurate 0.25 Methylglucosesesquistearate 1.75 Hydroxethylcellulose 0.60 Varisoft ® PATC 3.00 3.003.00 Perfume 1.00 1.00 1.00 Water 72.80 ad 100 77.40 

Example 4 Example 5 Cream Stick Aluminum zirconium 16.0tetrachlorohydrex GLY Aluminum chlorohydrate 10.0 Water 64.5 Paraffinumliquidum 5.0 C13-16 Isoparaffin 5.0 PEG-40 Stearate 3.5 Trisodium EDTA1.5 C12-15 Alkylbenzoate 0.5 Glyceryl stearate 3.0 0.6 Cetyl alcohol 3.0Stearyl alcohol 20.0 Hydrogenated castor oil 1.5 PPG-14 Butylether 15.0Cyclomethicone 38.9 Talc 4.0 Varisoft ® PATC 3.0 3.0 Perfume 1.0 1.0Varisoft ® PATC: 60% palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, 40% propyleneglycol

Roller/Example 6 7 8 9 Aluminum chlorohydrate 8.0 8.0 8.0 8.0Isoceteth-20 5.0 4.8 4.0 4.0 Glyceryl isostearate 2.2 2.4 2.0 2.0Dicaprylyl ether — 3.0 — — Dicaprylal carbonate — — — 3.0 Paraffinumliquidum 3.0 — 3.0 — Octyldodecanol — — 3.0 3.0 Persea gratissima oil0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 Butylene glycol 3.0 3.0 — — Glycerin — — 3.0 3.0 PEG-150Distearate 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Palmitamidopropyltrimonium 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0chloride + propylene glycol (Varisoft ® PATC) Laureth-7 citrate 1.0 1.01.0 1.0 (Plantapon LC 7) Perfume 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Water ad ad ad ad 100100 100 100

Roller/example 10 11 Trisodium EDTA 1.5 1.5 Steareth-21 1.5 1.0Steareth-2 2.5 2.0 PPG-15 Stearyl ether 3.0 3.0 Aluminum chlorohydrate10.0  10.0  Plantapon LC 7 2.5 TEGO Care CE 40 3.0 Aqua ad 100 ad 100TEGO Care CE 40: 40% palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride + 70% cetearylalcohol

Aerosols/example 12 13 14 Aluminum chlorohydrate 35.00 35.00 35.00Octyldodecanol 12.00 12.00 12.00 Disteardimonium hectorite 4.00 4.004.00 Varisoft ® PATC 3.00 TEGO Care CE 40 3.00 Plantapon LC 7 3.00Perfume 6.25 6.25 6.25 Cyclomethicone ad 100 ad 100 ad 100

What is claimed is:
 1. A cosmetic or dermatological preparation, whereinthe preparation is anhydrous, an oil-in-water emulsion, a water-in-oilemulsion or a suspension and is present as an aerosol spray andcomprises (i) one or more antiperspirant substances and (ii) one or moresurfactants which comprise one or more cationic surfactants comprisingone or more non-polymeric quaternary ammonium compounds which compriseat least one compound of formula (I):

wherein: R¹ represents a saturated or unsaturated linear, branched orcyclic alkyl group or an aryl group having from 8 to 24 carbon atoms, R²represents a saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched, or cyclic,substituted or un-substituted alkylene group having from 1 to 10 carbonatoms and from 0 to 5 hydroxy groups, R³, R⁴, R⁵ independently of oneanother represent hydrogen, a C₁-C₄ alkyl group, a C₅ or C₆ cycloalkylgroup, an aryl group or a C₂-C₄ hydroxyalkyl group, and X represents amonovalent anion.
 2. The preparation of claim 1, wherein R¹ in formula(I) represents a saturated, linear C₁₀-C₁₈ alkyl group.
 3. Thepreparation of claim 2, wherein R² in formula (I) represents—CH₂CH₂CH₂—.
 4. The preparation of claim 1, wherein (ii) comprises oneor more of palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride, behenamidopropylethyldimonium ethosulfate, stearamidopropyl trimonium methosulfate, andundecylamidopropyltrimonium methosulfate.
 5. The preparation of claim 1,wherein (ii) comprises palmitamidopropyltrimonium chloride.
 6. Thepreparation of claim 1, wherein (i) comprises one or more aluminumcompounds.
 7. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparationfurther comprises at least one anionic surfactant.
 8. The preparation ofclaim 7, wherein the preparation comprises laureth-7 citrate.
 9. Thepreparation of claim 4, wherein the preparation further comprises atleast one anionic surfactant.
 10. The preparation of claim 9, whereinthe preparation comprises laureth-7 citrate.
 11. The preparation ofclaim 5, wherein the preparation further comprises at least one anionicsurfactant.
 12. The preparation of claim 11, wherein the preparationcomprises laureth-7 citrate.
 13. The preparation of claim 7, wherein aweight ratio of the one or more cationic surfactants to the at least oneanionic surfactant is from 10:1 to 1:3.
 14. The preparation of claim 13,wherein the weight ratio is from 6:1 to 1:2.
 15. The preparation ofclaim 1, wherein the preparation comprises from 0.1% to 5% by weight ofcharged surfactants, based on a total weight of the preparation.
 16. Thepreparation of claim 15, wherein the preparation comprises from 0.5% to3% by weight of quaternary ammonium compounds as charged surfactants.17. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is anhydrous.18. The preparation of claim 1, wherein the preparation is anoil-in-water emulsion.
 19. The preparation of claim 1, wherein thepreparation is a water-in-oil emulsion.
 20. The preparation of claim 1,wherein the preparation is a suspension.